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Cameras
The most important component of any CCTV system is the camera. The camera creates the image that will be viewed or recorded for later playback. For the most part CCTV cameras are not pre-fitted with lenses. This allows the lens to be chosen specifically for each application. Cameras come in an array of sizes and shapes. Some are mounted conspicuously to act as a deterrent. Others are mounted with stealth in mind while still offering superb viewing quality. With the wide range of available lenses, cameras can be configured to cover broad areas such as stadiums or parking lots, or focused, up-close views of door ways and gates.
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Lenses
Selecting the appropriate lens for a specific application requires experience because lenses have a number of characteristics that must be considered if the camera is to function as desired for a particular job. Below are Some Common Lens Types:
Fixed focus lenses: These are the simplest type of lens because the focal length is preset. This means an exact calculation is required to select the lens most appropriate for the location, based on the desired radius of view and the subjects distance from the camera. Viewing radius typical of these type lenses offer either a 30 degree view - narrow to allow focused detail at distance - or a 60 degree, which produces a wider angle of view.
Varifocal lens: This type of lens is more robust in application, allowing the field of view to be adjusted manually to get the focus and zoom required and are not limited by the constraints of the fixed Lens.
Zoom lenses: These are the most versatile type, offering the greatest choice of related features and technologies. Zoom lenses allow administrators to remotely adjust the viewing area. This means that a single lens can be used to view a broad area until the need arises to focus on specific action or minute detail.
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DVR Systems
In days past, time-lapse VCRs were commonly used as storage mediums. Now however, Digital Video Recorders are the norm. DVRs as they are more frequently called use digital storage mediums such as a computer hard-disk to record images. Because of this DVRs are excellent at maintaining high quality images with little noise or picture degradation and are especially useful in recalling recordings of interest. In addition, DVRs offer a number of additional features including:
1. Ability to remotely view and control the system from computers around the world 2. Ability to record only on motion detection 3. Ability to display footage of a specific time or incident immediately.
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Network/IP Cameras A relatively new advancement in the world of visual security & surveillance is the Network Enabled or IP camera. Network cameras can be accessed via the IP Protocol Suite allowing you to monitor and control the unit across private networks or a public network such as the Internet. The cameras can operate on multiple protocols, including TCP/IP, HTTP, FTP, SMTP, DHCP, and others, depending on model. This robustness allows you to utilize existing LANs, WANs, or Virtual Private Networks to monitor remote locations without installing standalone video networks.
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